Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is characterized by persistent nausea, vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss during pregnancy. Unlike typical morning sickness, which usually resolves by the second trimester, HG symptoms can be debilitating and may require medical intervention.
The hallmark symptoms of HG include severe nausea and vomiting, which may occur multiple times a day and persist beyond the first trimester.
Frequent vomiting leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, potentially requiring intravenous fluids and electrolyte supplementation.
Due to the inability to keep food down, women with HG often experience significant weight loss and may become malnourished without proper medical management.
HG is believed to be related to high levels of pregnancy hormones, particularly human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
Women with a family history of HG are more likely to develop the condition themselves.
Certain factors such as a history of motion sickness or migraines may increase the risk of HG.
Diagnosis of HG involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and assessment of symptoms.
Blood tests may be conducted to assess electrolyte levels and kidney function, which can be affected by severe vomiting.
Managing HG often involves dietary adjustments, such as eating small, frequent meals and avoiding triggers that exacerbate nausea.
Anti-nausea medications (e.g., doxylamine-pyridoxine) are commonly prescribed to alleviate symptoms and improve food intake.
Severe cases may require hospitalization for intravenous fluids and electrolyte replacement.
Untreated HG can lead to severe dehydration, organ damage, and in extreme cases, can be life-threatening.
Inadequate nutrition and hydration may affect fetal growth and development, highlighting the importance of early intervention.
With prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, most women with HG can recover fully without long-term consequences for themselves or their babies.
Hyperemesis gravidarum is a serious condition that requires medical attention to ensure the health and safety of pregnant women. Understanding its symptoms, causes, and management strategies is crucial for healthcare providers and expecting mothers alike.
