Fatigue is the most common side effect reported by cancer patients. It is often linked to anemia, a condition characterized by a decrease in red blood cells. Treatments for anemia include erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, iron supplements, and blood transfusions.
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. Patients are advised to follow strict hygiene practices and may be prescribed prophylactic antibiotics or antiviral medications.
Hair loss is a well-known side effect of chemotherapy, impacting patients psychologically. Scalp cooling caps and specific medications can help reduce this effect, though they are not always effective.
Targeted therapies, such as EGFR inhibitors, can cause severe skin reactions, including rashes and dry skin. Management includes topical steroids and moisturizing agents.
Some targeted therapies can lead to heart problems, such as hypertension and cardiomyopathy. Regular monitoring and cardioprotective medications are essential for managing these risks.
Radiation therapy can cause skin irritation ranging from redness to severe burns. Topical treatments and protective dressings are often used to manage these conditions.
Fibrosis, the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, is a potential long-term side effect of radiation. It can impact organs and tissues near the treatment site. Physical therapy and medications are used to manage fibrosis.
Hormone therapies, particularly in breast and prostate cancers, can cause hot flashes and excessive sweating. Lifestyle changes and medications like antidepressants or hormone replacements can help mitigate these symptoms.
Hormone therapy can lead to decreased bone density, increasing the risk of fractures. Patients are often advised to take calcium and vitamin D supplements, along with engaging in weight-bearing exercises.
A significant long-term risk of cancer treatment is the development of secondary cancers. These are new cancers that occur as a result of the treatment for the primary cancer. Regular screenings and vigilant monitoring are essential for early detection.
Commonly referred to as "chemo brain," cognitive impairments include memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and reduced cognitive function. Cognitive rehabilitation and supportive therapies are important for managing these symptoms.
A multidisciplinary approach involving oncologists, nurses, nutritionists, and mental health professionals is crucial for managing severe side effects. This team-based approach ensures holistic care, addressing both physical and psychological needs.
